Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Understanding Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Patellofemoral pain syndrome, sometimes called “runner’s knee,” is a common cause of pain in the front of the knee. It happens when the cartilage under the kneecap (patella) becomes irritated, often due to the way the kneecap moves over the thigh bone (femur). This can occur with repetitive activities like running, hiking, climbing stairs, or even sitting for long periods with your knees bent. While anyone can develop this condition, it is especially common in teenagers, athletes, and people who have recently increased their activity level.

Common Symptoms and Causes
The main symptom is a dull, aching pain around or behind the kneecap. The pain usually worsens with activities that put pressure on the joint, such as squatting, kneeling, or going up and down stairs. Some people may notice their knee popping or cracking, but this is usually harmless. Patellofemoral pain can develop from muscle imbalances, tightness in the hips or legs, problems with foot alignment, or overuse from sports or exercise. Sometimes, a sudden increase in activity or a change in footwear can trigger symptoms.

Diagnosis and Treatment
Most of the time, patellofemoral pain can be diagnosed with a physical exam, and imaging like an X-ray is rarely needed. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and improving how the knee moves. Rest, ice, and over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medicine can help in the short term. Physical therapy is often the key to recovery, because strengthening and stretching the muscles around the hip and knee help take pressure off the kneecap. Supportive shoes or shoe inserts (orthotics) can also be helpful if foot alignment plays a role.

Recovery and When to See a Surgeon
With the right treatment, most people recover from patellofemoral pain without surgery. It is important to return to activity gradually and keep up with exercises to prevent symptoms from coming back. If your pain doesn’t improve after several weeks of therapy, or if your knee starts to feel unstable, it’s a good idea to see an orthopedic specialist. Platforms like Ortho Compass can help you connect quickly with local orthopedic surgeons who can evaluate your knee and guide you to the next step in care if needed.